Airplane Crashes
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Japan Airlines Flight 123 was a Japan Airlines domestic flight from Tokyo International Airport (Haneda) to Osaka International Airport (Itami). On Monday, August 12, 1985, the Boeing 747SR that made this route, registered JA8119, suffered mechanical failures 12 minutes into the flight and 32 minutes later crashed into two ridges of Mount Takamagahara in Ueno, Gunma Prefecture, 100 kilometers (62 mi) from Tokyo. The crash site was on Osutaka Ridge (Osutaka-no-One?), near Mount Osutaka. All 15 crew members and 505 out of 509 passengers died, resulting in a total of 520 deaths and 4 survivors.
It is the deadliest single-aircraft accident in history, and the second-deadliest accidental plane crash in history behind the Tenerife airport disaster
JAL 123 took off from Runway 16L[9] at Tokyo International Airport (commonly referred to as Haneda Airport) in Ōta, Tokyo, Japan, at 6:12 p.m., 12 minutes behind schedule.[10] About 12 minutes after takeoff, at near cruising altitude over Sagami Bay, the aircraft's aft pressure bulkhead tore open. The resulting explosive decompression ripped the tailfin from the aircraft, severing all four hydraulic systems. A photograph, taken from the ground some time later, confirmed the vertical stabilizer was missing.[11] Loss of cabin pressure at high altitude caused a lack of oxygen throughout; emergency oxygen masks for passengers deployed. Flight attendants, including one off-duty, administered oxygen to various passengers using hand-held tanks.[3]
The pilots, Captain Masami Takahama ( Takahama Masami?),[9][12] first officer Yutaka Sasaki ( Sasaki Yutaka?), and flight engineer Hiroshi Fukuda (Fukuda Hiroshi?),[3] set their transponder to broadcast a distress signal. Tokyo Area Control Center directed the aircraft to descend, to emergency landing vectors. Because of control problems, Capt. Takahama requested a vector to Haneda, knowing it was ideally suited for a 747 in case of an emergency.[13]
Hydraulic fluid completely drained away through the rupture. With total loss of hydraulic control and non-functional control surfaces, the aircraft began up and down oscillation in a phugoid cycle. In response, pilots exerted efforts to establish stability using differential engine thrust. Further measures to exert control, such as lowering the landing gear and flaps, interfered with control by throttle; the aircrew's inability to control the aircraft escalated.[citation needed]
Descending to 13,500 feet (4100 m), the pilots reported an uncontrollable aircraft. Heading over the Izu Peninsula the pilots turned towards the Pacific Ocean, then back towards the shore; they descended below 7,000 feet (2100 m) before returning to a climb. The aircraft reached 13,000 feet (4000 m) before entering an uncontrollable descent into the mountains and disappearing from radar at 6:56 p.m. at 6,800 feet (2100 m). During the final moments, the plane clipped a mountain ridge. During a subsequent rapid plunge, the plane crashed into a second ridge, then flipped and landed on its back.[citation needed] The aircraft's crash point, at an elevation of 1,565 metres (5,135 ft), is located in Sector 76, State Forest, 3577 Aza Hontani, Ouaza Narahara, Ueno Village, Tano District, Gunma Prefecture. The east-west ridge is about 2.5 kilometres (8,200 ft) north north west of Mount Mikuni[disambiguation needed].[14] Ed Magnuson of Time magazine said that the area where the aircraft crashed was referred to as the "Tibet" of Gunma Prefecture.[9]
Elapsed time from the bulkhead explosion to the final crash was estimated at thirty-two minutes - long enough for some passengers to write farewells to their families.[3][15] Subsequent simulator re-enactments (of the mechanical failures suffered by Flight 123) failed to produce a better solution, or outcome; despite best efforts none of the four flight crews in the simulations kept the plane aloft for as long as the 32 minutes achieved by the actual crew.
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It is the deadliest single-aircraft accident in history, and the second-deadliest accidental plane crash in history behind the Tenerife airport disaster
JAL 123 took off from Runway 16L[9] at Tokyo International Airport (commonly referred to as Haneda Airport) in Ōta, Tokyo, Japan, at 6:12 p.m., 12 minutes behind schedule.[10] About 12 minutes after takeoff, at near cruising altitude over Sagami Bay, the aircraft's aft pressure bulkhead tore open. The resulting explosive decompression ripped the tailfin from the aircraft, severing all four hydraulic systems. A photograph, taken from the ground some time later, confirmed the vertical stabilizer was missing.[11] Loss of cabin pressure at high altitude caused a lack of oxygen throughout; emergency oxygen masks for passengers deployed. Flight attendants, including one off-duty, administered oxygen to various passengers using hand-held tanks.[3]
The pilots, Captain Masami Takahama ( Takahama Masami?),[9][12] first officer Yutaka Sasaki ( Sasaki Yutaka?), and flight engineer Hiroshi Fukuda (Fukuda Hiroshi?),[3] set their transponder to broadcast a distress signal. Tokyo Area Control Center directed the aircraft to descend, to emergency landing vectors. Because of control problems, Capt. Takahama requested a vector to Haneda, knowing it was ideally suited for a 747 in case of an emergency.[13]
Hydraulic fluid completely drained away through the rupture. With total loss of hydraulic control and non-functional control surfaces, the aircraft began up and down oscillation in a phugoid cycle. In response, pilots exerted efforts to establish stability using differential engine thrust. Further measures to exert control, such as lowering the landing gear and flaps, interfered with control by throttle; the aircrew's inability to control the aircraft escalated.[citation needed]
Descending to 13,500 feet (4100 m), the pilots reported an uncontrollable aircraft. Heading over the Izu Peninsula the pilots turned towards the Pacific Ocean, then back towards the shore; they descended below 7,000 feet (2100 m) before returning to a climb. The aircraft reached 13,000 feet (4000 m) before entering an uncontrollable descent into the mountains and disappearing from radar at 6:56 p.m. at 6,800 feet (2100 m). During the final moments, the plane clipped a mountain ridge. During a subsequent rapid plunge, the plane crashed into a second ridge, then flipped and landed on its back.[citation needed] The aircraft's crash point, at an elevation of 1,565 metres (5,135 ft), is located in Sector 76, State Forest, 3577 Aza Hontani, Ouaza Narahara, Ueno Village, Tano District, Gunma Prefecture. The east-west ridge is about 2.5 kilometres (8,200 ft) north north west of Mount Mikuni[disambiguation needed].[14] Ed Magnuson of Time magazine said that the area where the aircraft crashed was referred to as the "Tibet" of Gunma Prefecture.[9]
Elapsed time from the bulkhead explosion to the final crash was estimated at thirty-two minutes - long enough for some passengers to write farewells to their families.[3][15] Subsequent simulator re-enactments (of the mechanical failures suffered by Flight 123) failed to produce a better solution, or outcome; despite best efforts none of the four flight crews in the simulations kept the plane aloft for as long as the 32 minutes achieved by the actual crew.
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